Anzam Ahammed

Moldova

Supraventricular and Ventricular Extrasystoles in Children and Their Association with Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

1) Ahammed Anzam
2) Romancuic Lilia

Department of Pedriatrics
USMF Nicolae Testemitanu
Chisinau, Moldova

Abstract

Background

Supraventricular extrasystoles can be considered cardiac arrhythmias due to contractions or beats that occur prematurely, originating from ectopic signals at an atrial site. The early contractions beginning from the ventricles are called VES or Ventricular Extrasystoles. Most of the cases with SVES have a good course, and the incidences in childhood are estimated to be about 1-4/1000 with 0.6/1000 in infancy. Of all the incidences, 70% can be solved before or at birth, while 30% can result in post-natal arrhythmia. Other common condition which is usually unrecognized and has a high rate of spontaneous regression is the ventricular extrasystoles. Diagnosis of arrhythmias in children, especially in children with structural cardiac defects, is helped by Holter monitoring. Symptoms include palpitations, syncope, and chest discomfort.

Methods

The literature review will cover all bibliographic material published online from 2014 to 2024. Sources utilized will include PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct

Results

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the pediatric population, such as, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, SLE, and inflammatory bowel disease. A long course of systemic inflammation that has occurred in such illnesses has proven to lead to cardiovascular complications which include arrhythmias.

Arrhythmias are more common in children with CIDs and is associated with the activity of their disease and inflammatory status. Moreover, abnormalities of heart conduction and repolarization, which might be at increased risk for SVEs/VEs, have been associated with childhood CIDs. Most of the arrhythmias were benign and asymptomatic; the symptoms which appeared were palpitations, vertigo, or even syncope and were medically treated.

Conclusions

Children suffering from chronic inflammatory diseases are more susceptible to supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles, which could be an early marker for cardiac involvement. Systemic inflammation originates the latter, inducing changes in the myocardial electrical properties and in the autonomic function.