Mysheref Sylbije

Conference 2024 Poster

Poster Title

CARE FOR PREGNANT PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY

Authors and Affiliations

Dr. Mysheref Sylbije1 Dr. Fatlume Arifaj2 Myzejen Sylbije3

1Medical Doctor, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
2Department of Emergency Medicine, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
3Student of General Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo

Abstract

Background

Main hemodynamical changes in pregnancy include increase in cardiac output, increased blood volume, reduced systemic vascular resistance.
These physiological modifications contribute to normal growth of the fetus and prevent complications of pregnancy such as hemorrhage. Knowing these cardiovascular adaptations help us interpret cardiovascular and hemodynamic adaptations. With this systematic review we have aimed to describe essential physiologic changes in pregnancy, the most common pathologies before, during and after pregnancy and the treatment of these pathologies based on international practices.

Methods

This is a systematic review obtained retrospectively and contains the latest informations related to cardiovascular pathologies in females in different periods of pregnancy. There are 25 researches analyzed by using different literatues worldwide with the aim of finding relevant informations. Articles are found from databases as: PubMed, Up-to-Date, Cohrane, Google Schoolar. Articles are of the time period 2018-2023. Abstact and articles have been identified by using key wods and filters such as: “pregnancy”, “cardiac diseases”, “treatment”, “pre-pregnancy”, “pregnancy”, “post-pregnancy”.

Results

Results from this systematic review show that the main pathologies of the cardiovascular system in females are classified depending on the time period when they first appear.
The most common cardiovascular diseases pre-pregnancy are: Congenital Heart Diseases, Arrhythmias, Hypertension, Structural Pathologies of the Heart, Coronary Heart Diseases, Vascular Pathologies.
The most common pathologies during and post-pregnancy are: Arrhythmias, Increased Blood Pressure, Peri partum Cardiomyopathy, Vascular Diseases, Deep Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism.
In every female patient we should consider risk factors, preventive measures, early diagnosis and treatment of the pathologies that are mentioned above. Risk factors are defined according to the WHO classifications, preventive measures and actual therapeutic methods of some cardiovascular diseases depending on the underlying pathology.

Conclusions

Approximately 1 in 3 pregnancy related deaths in USA are caused by cardiovascular problems. On the other side cadiovascular diseases complicate 4 in 100 pregnancies.
Females with pre-existent cardiovascular diseases that are planning pregnancy and females that are diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy require special care. In these cases it is important to include a specialized team that contains: fetal medicine specialists, cardiology specialists, interventional cardiology specialists, cardiac surgery specialist.
Pre-natal and post-natal care with different imagery techniques, birth plan, consults with anesthesiologist make a safe birth process possible.