Colin Paul

Moldova

Updates of Treatment Options for Multiple Myeloma: Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies

1 Colin Paul, 2 Vasile Musteata

1 State University of Medicine and Pharmacy ,Nicolae Testimitanu, Moldova(year 6)
2 Associate Professor and Vice-Head for education
Department of Oncology, Hematology and Radiotherapy( USMF)

Abstract

Background

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disease, presenting as clonal growth of plasma cells in bone marrow and leading to organs damaging and compromised immune functions. Improvement in the standard treatments including autologous stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy has yet to change MM as an incurable disease due to relapses. New treatment options including immunotherapy and targeted therapeutics have been improved during the last years. They represent treatments that target specific biochemical pathways implicated in development of the illness and aim to enhance immune system to fight against MM cells clone improvement

Methods

Material and methods: The research represents a comprehensive narrative review of the literature. Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and other online engines were used to perform the bibliographic search in sources published from 2015 up to 2024 inclusively. Thirty-five primary sources have been analyzed in accordance with the impact score, scientific, and practical value

Results

Results: Immunotherapy methodes, like chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies including daratumumab and elotuzumab and bispecific antibodies, have good results in improving the response rates and survival in patients with MM. CAR-T therapy includes the manipulation of the patients’ own T-cells to identify and fight against myeloma cells; on the other hand, monoclonal antibodies exert specific action on antigens at the surface of myeloma cells. Targeted therapies have helped in treatment. Treatment results have considerably improved for MM because of immunotherapy and targeted medicines; these now offer more individualized and efficient alternatives. In many patients, these therapies, often combined with traditional treatments, have improved outcomes. Difficulties to be overcome yet are related to: managing adverse effects, resistance to drugs, and availability.

Conclusions

Conclusions: To achieve a longer duration of remission and, final cure in MM and for a better quality of life, additional research and clinical trials need to be carried out. Improvement in existing drugs, along with finding new targets and researching advanced combination tactics.