Olabina Viktoriia

Moldiva

Features of Osteoporosis in Perimenopausal Women and Bone Tissue Condition the Perimenopausal Period

Olabina Viktoriia, Deseatnicova Elena

Abstract

Background

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and structural deterioration, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Perimenopausal women are at a particularly high risk due to hormonal fluctuations and declining estrogen levels. Emerging studies highlight the multifactorial etiology of osteoporosis, encompassing genetic, lifestyle, and nutritional factors. Research on the prevalence, risk factors, and preventive measures during this transitional phase aims to improve bone health outcomes. Despite advances, gaps remain in understanding specific predictors and effective interventions for this population.

Methods

This review synthesizes data from clinical studies and epidemiological research to evaluate osteoporosis risk factors and bone mineral density (BMD) changes in perimenopausal women. Key studies included :
•Cross-sectional analyses on osteoporosis preventive behaviors and health beliefs .
•Investigations into the impact of nutrition and hormone therapy on BMD .
•Studies exploring genetic predisposition and biochemical markers of bone metabolism.
•Quantitative findings from densitometry and fracture risk models were also integrated to assess long-term outcomes.

Results

•Hormonal Influence: Estrogen deficiency during perimenopause accelerates bone resorption. Long-term hormone therapy demonstrated a positive effect on BMD but raised concerns about side effects.
•Nutritional Factors: Adequate intake of calcium, vitamin D, and milk basic protein (MBP) significantly improved bone health, while poor dietary habits exacerbated bone loss.
•Lifestyle and Behavioral Factors: Regular physical activity and osteoporosis awareness correlated with higher BMD and reduced fracture risk. Conversely, smoking and alcohol consumption emerged as key risk factors.
•Screening and Prevention: Densitometry was identified as a cost-effective tool for early diagnosis, while tailored interventions reduced fracture incidences.

Conclusions

Perimenopausal women are a vulnerable group for osteoporosis due to hormonal, lifestyle, and nutritional factors. Early screening, education on preventive measures, and lifestyle modifications are essential for mitigating bone loss. Further research into personalized treatments and the role of emerging therapies, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), could enhance clinical care. Addressing these factors holistically could significantly reduce the societal burden of osteoporosis.