Nwachineke Chiagoziem Success

Conference 2024 Pre-Recorded

Talk Title

Ameliorative effect of Palm oil on sniper induced toxicity on the cerebral cortex of adult male wistar rats.

Authors and Affiliations

Nwachineke Success, Damien Ezejidu, Agazie Cynthia, Anulia Christiana

Department of Human Anatomy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Anambra state, Nigeria.

Abstract

Background

Sniper insecticide is a common, synthetic organophosphorus, which belongs to the 2, 2-dicholorovinyl dimethyl phosphate compound chemical family (DDVP ). It has also been observed that sniper is ranked among the most available tools for suicide here in Nigeria. (Ojewale 2019).
Sniper insecticide contains the active ingredient Bifenthrin which is highly toxic. Hence has been banned by NAFDAC to reduce sniper enhanced mortality.
Exposure or ingestion of sniper can cause nervous breakdown, narrowing of respiratory tract, nausea e.t.c And ultimately death. (Ojewale 2019). Fresh palm oil on the other hand is the most common antidote for ingested poisons amongst indigenous people of Nigeria. Palm oil is the most popular cooking ingredient in this area.  Hence, it becomes the first aid in case of poisoning. (Madu 2015).The cerebral cortex is the outer grey matter layer that completely covers the surface of the two cerebral hemispheres. It is about 2 to 4 mm thick and contains numerous sulci and gyri with important sensory, motor and association areas

Methods

A total of 24 adult male wistar rats with weights ranging from 103g to 186g were procured.
They were acclimatized for two weeks.
After acclimatization, the rats were weighed and a lethal dose experiment was carried out using Dietrich Lorke 1983, method before the administration of the test substances started. The rats were divided into groups of four animals each.
Group A received only feed and water.
Group B received only 5mg/kg of sniper plus feed and water.
Group C received only 2ml of red oil plus feed and water.
Group D received 5mg/kg +2ml of red oil plus feed and water. 24 hours after the last administration, the animals were weighted before placing them in a large plastic container containing anastesia.
The animals were opened through an incision on the anterior skull after which the brain were harvested.
They were rinsed in normal saline and were immediately weighed and transferred to properly labeled universal sample bottles containing 10% formal saline.

Results

There was significant increase in weight directly proportional to increase in duration.
There was a significant reduction in organ weight in group B [sniper only] when compared to the control group.
There was mild recovery of neuronal cells on administration of palm oil.

Conclusions

This shows that palm oil has ameliorative properties in neurotoxicity. However, sniper insecticide is very toxic no matter the quantity.