Stephanie Longet

Conference 2022 Live Talk

Talk title

Antibody responses to mRNA vaccine in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and infection-naïve UK healthcare workers using short or long dosing intervals

Authors and Affiliations

Stephanie Longet1, Rebecca Payne2, Adrienn Angyal3, Donal T. Skelly4,5,6, Adam Harding7, James A. Austin8, Shona Moore9, Tom Tipton1, Alexander Hargreaves1, Alexandra S. Deeks4,5, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones3,17, Eleanor Barnes4,5,10,11, Chris Duncan2,12, Lance Turtle8,13, Alex Richter14,15, Gavin Screaton1, Paul Klenerman4,5,10,11, Miles Carroll1,16, Thushan I. de Silva3,17, Susanna Dunachie4,5,18,19 on behalf of the PITCH consortium

1. Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
2. Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, UK
3. Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
4. Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
5. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
6. Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, UK
7. Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
8. NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
9. HPRU in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
10. NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
11. Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, UK
12. Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
13. Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
14. Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, UK
15. University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
16. Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
17. Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
18. Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
19. Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand

Abstract

Background

SARS-CoV-2 infected or infection naïve UK healthcare workers (N=503) aged 22 to 71 years from 5 UK National Health Service Hospital centers were enrolled in the UK PITCH Study before and after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccination.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 Spike-, Receptor-Binding-Domain- and Nucleocapsid-specific IgG levels were measured in plasma using a Multiplex ELISA approach. Neutralising responses were determined using live virus neutralisation and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 inhibition assays.

Results

SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG levels in plasma of pre-infected individuals were 6.8-fold higher versus naïve individuals following a single vaccine dose. Furthermore, plasma from pre-infected individuals demonstrated higher in vitro neutralisation of variants of concern such as B.1.351/beta compared to naïve individuals after a first vaccine dose. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibody levels were markedly boosted by the second vaccine dose, especially in naïve participants. In addition, an extended interval between doses (6-14 weeks) induced significantly higher spike-specific IgG responses in naïve participants following the second dose compared to the standard 3-4 week interval, while no significant differences were observed in pre-infected individuals. Importantly, neutralising antibodies against variants of concerns including B.1.617.2/delta were significantly higher 4 weeks after a second dose with the extended dosing interval.

Conclusions

A prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the dose regimen impact on the dynamics of vaccine-induced immune responses following BNT162b2 vaccination.