Jihad Hadi

Ireland

Patterns of Acute Coronary Syndrome and Its Associated Comorbidities in Central Sudan

Jihad A. E. Hadi¹, Muneer M. Musa², Malaz B. Elsayed², Musab A. Ahmed²,
Mohamed Malik², Hussain G. Ahmed³, Khalid M. Eisa⁴*

¹ Department of General Medicine, South University Hospital, Ireland
² Department of General Medicine, Aldaman International Hospital, Central Sudan
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, Sudan
⁴ Department of Cardiology, Aldaman International Hospital, Central Sudan

Abstract

Background

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major global contributor to morbidity and
mortality. Data describing ACS characteristics in Central Sudan are limited. This study aimed
to describe demographic patterns, ACS types, comorbidities, smoking prevalence, and clinical
outcomes among ACS patients.

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Aldaman International
Hospital, Central Sudan, including 134 ACS patients between 2021 and 2023. Demographic
variables, comorbidities, ACS type, smoking history, and outcomes were collected from
medical records and analyzed using SPSS.

Results

The mean patient age was 58.3 years, and 71.6% were male. STEMI accounted for
73.1% of cases, while NSTEMI represented 26.9%. Comorbidities included hypertension
(20.9%), diabetes (11.9%), and combined HTN+DM (14.2%). Smoking prevalence was
12.7%. No significant associations were found between ACS type and age, gender, smoking,
or comorbidities. Mortality occurred in 7 STEMI patients and 1 NSTEMI patient.

Conclusions

ACS in Central Sudan primarily affects middle-aged and older males, with STEMI
as the dominant presentation. Improved prevention and optimized ACS management are
essential to reduce morbidity and mortality