Conference 2021 Poster Presentation

 

Project title

Modulation of the immune response to bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharides in the case of sepsis associated with systemic coagulation

 

Authors and Affiliations

Felipe dos Santos Souza1, Angelo Assunção Tostes1, Kaoany Antunes da Cruz1, Thaianne Cavalcante Sérvio2

1. Medical students from the State University of Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Cáceres, Brazil
2. PhD in Health Sciences from the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Cáceres, Brazil

 

Abstract

Background

The main cytokines involved in an immune response against microorganisms are those derived from the innate response, TFN cells (Tumor Necrosis Factor) and cells from the acquired response, which are IFN-y (Interferon-gamma), IL-4 (interleukin-4), IL-5 (Interleukin-5) and IL-13 (Interleukin-13) respectively. These cytokines are responsible for inciting immune reactions by activating the body’s defense and causing a response to the antigen. The objective of the present work is to identify and describe the mechanisms of the immune response to Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that are external structures of bacteria, causing toxic attacks on healthy organisms leading to the development of sepsis and, at the same time, investigating the correlation between septicemia. systemic coagulation.

Methods

The databases used were PUBMED, SCIELO, Google Scholar and Brazilian Society of Immunology. The systematic review was performed based on a cut of the findings both from case reports and experimental and cross-sectional studies (2007-2020). The descriptors used in the searches were: immunology, lipopolysaccharides, sepsis and systemic coagulation.

Results

The definition of sepsis does not change due to the type of microorganism. It is an inflammatory response that begins in a certain region and through the bloodstream, cytokines and inflammatory meters are distributed. LPS activates TLR-4 which increases the translocation of NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B) to the nucleus, increasing the production of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF. In large quantities, this falls into the bloodstream and will cause systemic changes. One of them is the reduction in cardiac output and, consequently, reduction in blood pressure, in which the body would go into septic shock. Systemic fibrin deposition is the result of thrombin production mediated by the VII-TF complex and the dysfunction or inhibition of natural anticoagulants: antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), protein S (PS) and tissue factor inhibitor. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines modulate the breakdown of coagulation and fibrinolysis in the CIVD (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation).

Conclusions

It is known that LPS release endotoxins that can lead a patient to sepsis, triggering an inflammatory and systemic coagulatory reaction. Depending on the degree of this action, the situation may evolve to a CIVD. Studies in the field of immunology should go deeper into the subject.

 


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